In France, on 7th April all the television networks, public and private, broadcast 'Tous contre le Sida' ('All against AIDS'), a special 4-hour AIDS programme. The aim was to heighten awareness about HIV/AIDS and to raise money.41 The estimated audience for the program was 33 million. Some 32,000 cases of AIDS had been recorded in France, with 15 deaths each day, and an estimated 150,000 people were thought to be infected. 42
During the summer, the AIDS Prevention Agency in Brussels, in collaboration with the European Union, launched a campaign whose central image was 'the flying condom'. This was intended to serve as a visual reminder to young travellers of the risks of HIV infection. The logo was displayed in airports, railway stations, popular holiday destinations and other places young people visited during the summer.43
A large European study on mother-to-child transmission showed that Caesarean section halved the rate of HIV transmission.44
Research indicated that Thailand had reduced its rate of HIV transmission. This was largely due to action by the government, which had distributed condoms to brothels and insisted that they were used consistently; establishments that failed to comply were threatened with closure. Condom use in commercial sex had risen from 14% in 1989 to 94% in 1993.45
By July 1994 the number of AIDS cases reported to the WHO was 985,119. The WHO estimated that the total number of AIDS cases globally had risen by 60% in the past year from an estimated 2.5 million in July 1993 to 4 million in July 1994.46 It was estimated that worldwide there were three men infected for every two women, and that by the year 2000 the number of new infections among women would be equal to that among men.47
At the end of July, the UN Economic and Social Council approved the establishment of a new "joint and cosponsored UN programme on HIV/AIDS" to replace the WHO's Global Programme on AIDS. The separate AIDS programmes of the UNDP, World Bank, UN Population Fund, UNICEF and UNESCO would have headquarters with the WHO in Geneva, starting in 1996.48 Later in the year it was announced that Dr. Peter Piot, the head of the research and intervention programme within the Global Programme on AIDS, would be the head of the new UN program.49
A study, ACTG 076, showed that AZT reduced by two thirds the risk of HIV transmission from infected mothers to their babies.50 Somepeople believed that ACTG076 was:
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