ELISA test is the basic test for HIV. It help in the detection of the HIV antibodies which are generated to fight against the HIV virus. This test is conducted in a pathology lab. ELISA test is performed on 8 cm x 12 cm plastic plate. This plate contains an 8 x 12 matrix of 96 wells. Following are the steps which will help you to understand this procedure properly.
- Blood sample of a person is collected which is then processed to get the serum.
- Purified inactive antigens are taken in an ELISA plate.
- The serum collected from the person is then applied on the ELISA plate containing antigens.
- If the person is affected by HIV, his serum should contain its antibodies. Hence, when the serum is applied to the antigen plate, the antibodies will attach to the antigens.
- The slide is then washed with a solution which helps in the removal of other particles except the antigens and the antibodies attached to it.
- Then it is treated with an enzyme. This enzyme gets attached to the antibodies of the antigens and a chemical reaction takes place which results in color change. This color change shows a positive result of HIV.
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