Women and HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection & Women

Vaginal infections are the most commonly reported condition among women with HIV/AIDS. Vaginal yeast infections are the most common initial manifestation of HIV/AIDS in women.

Many types of vaginal infections are twice as common in women who have HIV than in women who are HIV-negative. The risk for cervical cancer is 30 times greater for HIV-infected women who are also infected with HPV. Fortunately, most vaginal infections and related complications can be detected through regular Pap smears. Pap smears involve collecting a small tissue sample from the cervix that is examined under a microscope for an infection or abnormality.

Although there is some controversy about how often HIV-infected women should receive Pap smears, it is generally recommended that they have them every 6 months. If a Pap smear is abnormal, it should be repeated in 3 months. Without regular Pap smears, many vaginal infections go unnoticed until they become serious. In one study, half of HIV-infected women with no symptoms did actually have a vaginal infection. Regular Pap smears are essential.

Some physicians recommend that HIV-positive women also receive an annual colposcopy examination, which involves using a lighted microscope to view the cervix and look for pre-cancerous abnormalities.

Women who have HIV and experience vaginal irritation, unusual sensitivity, itching, or discharge should see a physician or other health care provider immediately. Treatment can relieve irritation, prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections, and help prevent serious illnesses