HIV/AIDS & Generalized Lymphadenopathy

HIV/AIDS & Generalized Lymphadenopathy

Generalized lymphadenopathy, also known as persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), is swelling of the lymph nodes throughout the body (e.g., neck, groin, armpits). This condition is caused by the body's reaction to untreated HIV infection and may be a symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma, NHL, or another HIV-related infection or cancer. PGL is rare in patients who are on antiretroviral therapy. Persistently swollen glands should be evaluated by an HIV/AIDS specialist.

HIV/AIDS & Low Blood Count

Low blood count refers to inadequate numbers of red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). Patients can have low levels of one, two, or all three types of cells. Antiretroviral therapy usually reverses these conditions, although certain antiretroviral medications can contribute to low blood count.

Anemia is one of the most common blood abnormalities in patients with HIV/AIDS. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. Studies show that patients who have HIV/AIDS and develop anemia experience a decreased quality of life and an increased risk for death.

A number of factors can cause low blood count, including the following:

• HIV can infect the bone marrow (where the blood cells are made) and affect cell production
• Hormone deficiencies
• HIV-related infections or cancers
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Some antiretroviral drugs

Treating low blood count depends on the type and its cause. For example, anemia is caused by a Vitamin B12 deficiency and replacing the vitamin or supplementing the diet usually is an effective treatment.