Welcome to the 70th issue of HIV This Week ! In this issue, we cover HIV testing (why pregnant women need extra protection in pregnancy; home-based HIV testing and counselling on Likoma Island, Malawi increases access to prevention and treatment for the poorest households), pathogenesis and prognosis (African descent predicts slower CD4 cell count decline in Switzerland; did the advent of combination antiretroviral treatment in 1996 abort increasing HIV virulence?), structural determinants: prison (88 seroconversions in prisons in Georgia, USA provoke reflection), cost-effectiveness (a 7-country study shows that human resources are the major impediment to reducing incidence of HIV infection in infants by 50% by 2010; the decision-makers’ programme planning tool determines costs and the potential impact of male circumcision on Botswana’s HIV epidemic), health information systems (why PMTCT programme data collection has to improve clinical practice locally first in order for national data to be valid ), monitoring and evaluation (how well PEPFAR did in Africa from 2004 to 2007), national responses: policy (policy analysis shows a way forward in Pakistan), sexual behaviour (heterosexual anal intercourse in Cape Town, South Africa), epidemiology (how mortality in people living with HIV compares to that of the general population in sub-Saharan Africa), cardiovascular morbidity and HIV (atherosclerosis and HIV infection: the carotid reveals a link; HIV infection increases plasma proteins that are associated with risk of heart attack), trial conduct (people who inject drugs in Sydney, Australia reveal challenges for vaccine trial recruitment), and girls and sexual violence (one-third of Swazi girls experience sexual violence before they turn 18 years old).
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