Welcome to the 74th issue of HIV This Week a

Welcome to the 74th issue of HIV This Week ! In this issue we cover biomedical interventions: vaccines (a proof-of-concept breakthrough in Thailand invigorates HIV vaccine scientists and activists around the world; why investing in vaccine research holds promise in the United States), paediatric HIV testing (Kwazulu Natal points the way forward to universal access for infants to HIV testing at immunization clinics; Zambia reports excellent results of a routine offer of HIV counselling to caregivers and HIV testing for hospitalized paediatric patients), masculinity and risk (gender-transformative programmes are about new ideas, attitudes, behaviours, and ways of relating and parenting: bring on the new masculinity that improves health and well-being!; intimate partner violence and risk of STI/HIV in the USA – how are they related?), foreskin inflammation (which comes first: HIV/HSV-2 infections or foreskin inflammation. And where does penile hygiene fit in? Data from Rakai provoke more questions), health systems and human resources for health (how have global health initiatives affected country health systems: essential reading for all; lay counsellors in Zambia get excellent scores but is their volunteer effort sustainable?), men who have sex with men (serosorting, strategic positioning, and unprotected anal intercourse among HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in the USA ; circumcision pops up as protective in Soweto men who have sex with men: what does this mean?), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (never to be seen again: high transmission rates from breastfeeding mothers in China infected through blood transfusion after childbirth; resistance advantages for short course antiretroviral treatment compared with zidovudine/sdNVP), structural interventions – sex work (a negative structural intervention: How bulldozers, sex work, and HIV prevention had a rocky ride in Goa’s red-light area), treatment (when to start antiretroviral treatment: some ideas from South African modellers; cancer and HIV: what are the trends in France?), basic science (the wily virus: multiple infections and HIV recombination in women), care (what do we know and what more do we need to know about macronutrient supplements for people living with HIV?; one-third to one-half the world has worms: what should we do about treating helminth co-infected individuals to slow HIV disease progression?), young people (South African kids having been starting sex at the same age for years but HIV has become a bed partner: what needs to be done?)