How Does the HIV Test Work?

How Does the HIV Test Work?

Standard HIV tests look for HIV antibodies, which are cells the body makes after HIV enters the blood. It can take up to three months to make enough antibodies so that they will show up on the test, although in most cases, infection can be detected in four weeks. If an infected person tests too soon during this "window period", the HIV test may not find infection, but the person can infect others. There are different kinds of blood tests, including a new test that can give you quicker results and an oral test that looks for HIV antibodies in the mucosal fluid in your mouth. (See our Testing section for more information.)

Where Can I Get Tested?

In many states, public clinics offer a free, anonymous test, which means they do not take your name. Private clinics, including the Geffen Center at GMHC, and doctors also give the test, and they can promise to keep your name "confidential" or allow you to use a name without showing identification. "Confidential" means that while they are required to tell their local health departments the names of all persons who test HIV-positive, they will not otherwise release your name without your consent. Some clinics and "home tests" offer "immediate results," but be warned -- that's only if you are HIV-negative. To confirm that you have HIV, your blood has to be drawn for another test. (See our Testing section for more information.)

What About Treatment?

People with HIV or AIDS can do a number of things to stay healthy, which is why it's important to know your status. Although there is no treatment that cures HIV, drugs are now available that can prevent AIDS-related pneumonia and other serious diseases; other medications help the body fight the virus itself. However, many of these drugs may have unintended, harmful side-effects. Talk with your doctor or call the GMHC Hotline to discuss your options. (See our Treatment section for more information.)

Rights of People With HIV/AIDS

It is against federal law to discriminate against people who have disabilities, including people with HIV/AIDS. That means it is illegal for people to discriminate concerning jobs, housing, medical care, and in most businesses that are open to the public. Many states and cities have other specific protections against discrimination, as well as laws that prevent your doctor or your employer from telling people that you have HIV. If you feel you have been discriminated against based on your HIV status, call the GMHC Legal Department at 212-367-1040.