Fusion and entry inhibitors are newer agents that keep HIV

• Fusion and entry inhibitors are newer agents that keep HIV from entering human cells. Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon/T20) was the first drug in this group. It is given in injectable form like insulin. Another drug called maraviroc (Selzentry) binds to a protein on the surface of the human cell and can be given by mouth. Both drugs are used in combination with other anti-HIV drugs.



• Integrase inhibitors stop HIV genes from becoming incorporated into the human cell's DNA. This is a newer class of drugs recently approved to help treat those who have developed resistance to the other medications. Raltegravir (Isentress) was the first drug in this class approved by the FDA in 2007.

Antiretroviral viral drugs stop viral replication and delay the development of AIDS. However, they also have side effects that can be severe. They include decreased levels of red or white blood cells, inflammation of the pancreas, liver toxicity, rash, gastrointestinal problems, elevated cholesterol level, diabetes, abnormal body-fat distribution, and painful nerve damage.

• Pregnant women who are HIV-positive should seek care immediately because HAART therapy reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus. There are certain drugs, however, that are harmful to the baby. Therefore, seeing a physician to discuss anti-HIV medications is crucial.